English/Language Arts

Rubrics

Last Updated:  January 17, 2003

Position Statement

What is a rubric?

A rubric is a set of criteria used to discriminate between different degrees of quality or levels of proficiency as one judges samples of student work. Rubrics are generic, that is, they provide general criteria for evaluating a student's performance in a given area. A single rubric is designed for many related assessment tasks. A holistic rubric is intended to provide an overall impression of the elements of quality and levels of performance evident in a student's work. An analytic rubric measures student work quantitatively using points assigned to various elements desired in a student's response for scoring.

Why do we use rubrics?

Rubrics are used because:

bulletcurrent instructional practices are process-oriented and stress higher order thinking skills, which traditional paper/pencil tests don't measure adequately,
bulletrubrics help bridge instruction and assessment,
bulletrubrics encourage student ownership of the learning process,
bulletrubrics reflect long-standing practice with the added step of articulating specific expectations to students before and after an assignment,
bulletclear expectations promote higher achievement along with the more productive and focused use of time,
bulletstudents feel the freedom to be creative while staying within teacher expectations,
bulletrubrics provide diagnostic information about a student's instructional needs,
bulletrubrics provide motivation for students to strive to increasingly higher levels of performance

How do we use rubrics?

A rubric is a tool or standard by which a teacher judges samples of student work. Criteria are established to help distinguish between exemplary efforts and those that are not acceptable with several gradient levels of accomplishment in between . A rubric becomes a teaching tool when it presents a road map or series of directions for students to follow. Sometimes, teachers and students work together to generate a list of criteria or expectations for students' projects. Application of the rubric to specific examples helps students identify personal strengths and weaknesses.

Analytic rubrics are rarely used alone in connection with newer assessments. Holistic rubrics are used both for assessment and for instruction.

Below, there are prototype rubrics for each of the four strands within the WRSD English Language Arts Curriculum: Language, Literature, Composition and Presentation (Media). These are offered as a model; ideally a rubric is constructed with a specific population and task area in mind.

Grades K-12

Rubric for Language

The ADVANCED Learner

The PROFICIENT Learner

The CAPABLE Learner

The NOVICE Learner

The student :
bulletvoluntarily speaks during appropriate times.
bulletshares well-developed, pertinent information in a concise way.
bulletuses non-verbal cues (eye contact, facial expressions, posture).
bulletlistens attentively and interacts with speaker as appropriate.
bulletuses language in effective ways that emphasize or enhance the meaning of the message: i.e., imagery, humor, simile.
bulletconsistently uses correct grammar.
bulletuses/understands a wide vocabulary.
The student :
bulletusually volunteers to speak during appropriate times.
bulletusually shares pertinent information in a concise way.
bulletuses appropriate non-verbal cues.
bulletusually listens attentively and interacts with speaker as appropriate.
bulletuses language in ways that are appropriate to the task , descriptive language as needed.
bulletusually uses correct grammar.
bulletuses/understands vocabulary.
The student :
bulletspeaks at appropriate times with encouragement.
bulletshares pertinent information.
bulletuses non-verbal cues when prompted.
bulletsometimes listens attentively and interacts with speaker as appropriate.
bulletuses simplistic, bland language.
bulletmakes frequent grammatical errors.
bulletuses/understands a restricted vocabulary.
The student :
bulletis reluctant to speak or speaks at inappropriate times.
bulletshares unrelated or distracting ideas.
bulletuses no non-verbal cues or uses them inappropriately.
bulletis inattentive or interacts with speaker in an inappropriate way.
bulletuses grammar and vocabulary in ways that make the message difficult to understand.
bulletmakes substantial grammatical errors.
bulletuses oral language or demonstrates listening skills that are inadequate to the task.

 

Rubric for Presentation (Media)

The ADVANCED Learner

The PROFICIENT Learner

The CAPABLE Learner

The NOVICE Learner

The student :
bulletconsistently speaks with appropriate volume and diction.
bulletdelivers content clearly and in an organized way.
bulletadjusts content for audience and time constraints.
bulletmaintains rapport with audience through eye contact and confident body language.
bulletdemonstrates an in-depth understanding of topic.
bulletpresents visual displays that are neat, clear, and easily understood.
The student :
bulletusually speaks with appropriate volume and diction.
bulletdelivers content in a way that is easily understood.
bulletadjusts content for audience and recognizes time constraints.
bulletusually maintains eye contact and confident body language.
bulletdemonstrates understanding of topic.
bulletpresents visual displays that are appropriate to the content.
The student :
bulletspeaks with appropriate volume and diction when prompted.
bulletdelivers content in a way that lacks clarity or organization.
bulletpresents content with little adjustment for the audience or time.
bulletavoids eye contact and/or seems ill at ease.
bulletdemonstrates limited understanding of topic.
bulletpresents visual displays that are messy, unclear, or hard to understand.
The student :
bulletspeaks too softly or with poor diction so that message is not understood.
bulletdelivers content in a way that lacks both clarity and organization.
bulletpresents content that is too easy or difficult for audience, or speech runs too long.
bulletappears extremely ill at ease and makes no eye contact with audience.
bulletdemonstrates little or no understanding of topic.
bulletpresents visuals that contain errors or are difficult to read.

 

Rubric for Literature

The ADVANCED Learner

The PROFICIENT Learner

The CAPABLE Learner

The NOVICE Learner

The student :
bulletuses appropriate reading strategies (such as phonics, structural analysis, context clues, etc.) to gain understanding of text.
bulletgathers accurate information from several resources.
bulletreads technical information and applies prior knowledge.
bulletdraws accurate conclusions and explains reasoning.
bulletinterprets clearly with justification and summarizes with rich detail and effective sequence.
bullettransfers knowledge from text or previous experiences to new or different situations.
bulletwillingly reads during assigned times.
bulletcompletes reading activities accurately and on time.
bulletactively participates in group discussions.
bulletconsistently chooses to do extension activities.
bulletself-selects materials appropriate for purposes and reading ability.
bulletchooses and reads a variety of materials.
The student :
bulletuses teacher directed reading strategies to gain understanding of text.
bulletusually gathers accurate information from a limited variety of resources.
bulletreads technical information but needs assistance to apply.
bulletusually draws accurate conclusion(s).
bulletsummarizes with sufficient detail and usually in sequential order.
bulletusually transfers knowledge from text or previous experiences to new or different situations.
bulletusually reads during assigned times.
bulletcompletes assigned activities accurately and usually on time.
bulletparticipates in group discussion.
bulletusually chooses to do extension activities.
bulletusually self-selects materials appropriate for purposes and reading ability.
bulletreads from a variety of assigned materials.
The student :
bulletuses teacher directed reading strategies to gain understanding of text.
bulletgathers mostly accurate information from a limited variety of resources.
bulletreads technical information but needs assistance to apply.
bulletdraws accurate conclusions but has difficulty explaining.
bulletsummarizes with limited detail and a tendency towards sequential order.
bulletneeds teacher's guidance to transfer knowledge from text or previous experiences.
bulletreads during assigned times with teacher encouragement.
bulletcompletes assigned activities accurately and usually on time.
bulletsometimes participates in group discussion.
bulletsometimes chooses to do extension activities.
bulletchooses appropriate materials with some guidance.
bulletreads from a variety of assigned materials.
The student :
bulletdoes not apply reading strategies and/or is unable to gain meaning from text.
bulletseldom gathers accurate information or fails to complete activity.
bulletunable to apply information from technical reading.
bulletdraws irrelevant, inaccurate, or no conclusions.
bulletsummary lacks pertinent details, contains many inaccurate facts, or is not in sequential order.
bulletunable to transfer knowledge learned from text or previous experiences to new or different situations.
bulletreluctant to read and needs continuous prompting.
bulletrarely completes assignments.
bulletoff task or distracting others during group discussions.
bulletrarely or never chooses to do extension activities.
bulletconsistently chooses inappropriate materials for purposes and reading.
bulletreads from a limited variety of materials.

 

Rubric for Composition

The ADVANCED Learner

The PROFICIENT Learner

The CAPABLE Learner

The NOVICE Learner

The student :
bulletconsistently organizes a coherent composition with clear focus and supporting ideas.
bulletconsistently uses a variety of strategies to develop and organize ideas.
bulletconsistently includes well-chosen details.
bulletconsistently varies style and presentation for audience and purpose.
bulletconsistently applies knowledge of English grammar structure, usage, and mechanics.
bulletrevises writing continually to improve logical organization and word choice.
bulletconsistently generates open-ended questions and summarizes information.
The student :
bulletusually organizes a coherent composition with clear focus and supporting ideas.
bulletusually uses a variety of strategies to develop and organize ideas.
bulletusually includes adequate details.
bulletusually varies style and presentation for audience and purpose.
bulletusually applies knowledge of English grammar structure, usage, and mechanics.
bulletsometimes revises writing to improve logical organization and word choice.
bulletfrequently generates open-ended questions and summarizes information.
The student :
bulletsometimes organizes a coherent composition with clear focus and supporting ideas with guidance.
bulletuses a limited number of strategies to develop and organize ideas.
bulletsometimes includes adequate details.
bulletcan vary style and presentation for audience and purpose with guidance.
bulletapplies a limited knowledge of English grammar structure, usage, and mechanics.
bulletwith guidance can revise writing to improve logical organization and word choice.
bulletwith guidance can generate open-ended questions and summarize information.
The student :
bulletrarely organizes a coherent composition with or without guidance.
bulletuses strategies to develop and organize ideas with guidance.
bulletincludes adequate details when prompted.
bulletrarely varies style and presentation for audience or purpose.
bulletneeds guidance to apply English grammar, structure, usage, and mechanics.
bulletmakes minimal revisions to improve organization or word choice.
bulletrarely generates open-ended questions or summarizes information with or without guidance.

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