Mathematics Curriculum Guide
Geometry and Measurement
Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement |
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| Relate reflections, rotations, and translations to turns and slides. | Teacher models turns, slides and with overhead pattern block accessing students' prior knowledge but re-names the moves with more sophisticated vocabulary. | Play a version of Simon Says. Giving students
directions to follow with pattern blocks on grid paper. Directions use new vocabulary of
reflection, rotation and translation. Students can model for each other using overhead.
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Use of new vocabulary consistently over time. | Creates original art that incorporates reflections, translations and rotations of common objects. | - Pattern blocks. - Dot paper. - Miras. - Overhead pattern blocks. |
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 2
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| Compare and demonstrate an
understanding of reflections, rotations, and translations of geometric shapes using miras
and other manipulative materials.
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Teacher demonstrates use of mirror (Plexiglass sheet) and dot
paper to trace reflection of simple shapes. Students work independently to draw
reflections of figures on dot paper. (demonstration in Arithmetic Teacher Feb.'90
p.17).
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Square Game with Pentaminoes, Learning Resources, p.56. | Creates an original pentamino puzzle to share with class. | - Mira. - Dot paper. - Pentaminoes. - Square Game activity from Learning Resources. - Arithmetic Teacher Feb.'90 p. 17.
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 3
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| Demonstrate an understanding of basic geometric concepts (points, parallel & perpendicular lines, right angles)with manipulatives. | Teacher demonstrates with overhead geoboard the differences between parallel, perpendicular and right angles.Students copy model on dot paper and label. | Activity 2: The Mystery Figure: Student constructs figure from written directions related to length of sides, using appropriate vocabulary. | Create original drawing containing a right angle, at least
one set of parallel lines and one set of perpendicular lines.
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- Overhead geoboard. - Geoboards. - Dot paper. - Drawing paper. - Art materials. |
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 4
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| Identify basic geometric concepts (points, parallel & perpendicular lines, right angles) in everyday surroundings. | Teacher sets parameters for small group work. After investigation, helps students create master lists of what they found. |
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Students investigate for concepts at home, in magazines, in
the environment at large and make a collage to display their thinking.
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- Magazines. - Scissors. - Paper /pencil. - Chart paper.
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 5
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| Create models to
illustrate basic geometric concepts (points, parallel & perpendicular lines, right
angles).
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Teacher helps students relate the concepts to classroom manipulatives. | Students work in pairs to make a model that
includes examples of all concepts with appropriate labels.
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- Geoboards. - Pattern blocks. - Base ten materials. - Miras. - Unifix cubes. - Cuisenaire rods. - Pentaminoes.
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 6
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| Compute perimeter of polygon using whole numbers. | Teacher uses an overhead geoboard to illustrate perimeter and
guide students through the identification of ways to compute perimeter: counting,
distributive, adding, etc.
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Draw a rectangle on dot paper that has a perimeter of 24.
Students responses are shared and analyzed. Activity continues with other numbers like 20,
18, 36, 40, etc.
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Investigate: Can the perimeter be an odd number? Tell why or
why not. Give examples.
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- Dot paper. - Overhead geoboard. |
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 7
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| Calculate area of squares and rectangles using whole numbers. | Teacher demonstrates process with overhead Base Ten unit cubes and graph paper transparency. |
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Accurate computation identification of formula or process.
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Calculate surface area of text books, classroom items (combine area of all faces) for surface area. Create table. Analyze. | - Overhead Base Ten cubes. - Graph paper transparency. - Cm graph paper. - Cuisenaire rods for each student. - Crayons/ markers.
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 8
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| Relate knowledge of attributes for 2-D
and 3-D objects to properties.
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Uses Cuisenaire Power Solids to promote a discussion
analyzing various shapes : Ex. how many right angles does a cube have? a square?
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Uses a geoboard to follow directions: Construct a figure with just one right angle or six sides, or three right angles and seven sides, etc. | Construct model of 3-D figure to share. Give dimensions of
faces. Note attributes.
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- Cuisenaire Power Solids. - Geoboards. |
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 9
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| Measure perimeter using objects in
environment such as desks, windows, door, etc.
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Divide classes into groups. Assign dollar values for individual linear measurements: such as: inches=nickel cm=penny meters=$10.00 yard=$5.00 foot=$1.00 |
Go on Treasure Hunt in small groups to measure perimeters of objects in the environment and translate these measurements to dollar values. Students within the group monitor each other for accuracy of measurement, adding, and translation. Winning group can be titled: Treasure Hunters of the Week. | Journal entry. Five objects with perimeter.
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Research real-world application of perimeter measurement.
Create chart.
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- Measuring tools. - Paper for recording. |
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 10
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| Identify leap years.
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Starting with current year, list years in order, five before
and five after this year. Next to this list, record the number of days each year had. Ask
students for patterns. Teacher prepares activity sheets for small group work.
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Research and report on perpetual calendars, what they are,
their value, the process of creating, etc.
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Teacher-prepared activity sheets
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 11
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| Determine time and time elapsed to the nearest minute using any technique. (paper & pencil, mental) | Model strategies for recording and determining elapsed time. | Create story problems involving elapsed times to share with
classmates. Compare; describe strategies used for solution.
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- Create an experiment 4th graders can conduct involving
measurement of time. Give clear directions, easily understood and followed. - Class performs experiments, graphs results.
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Stop watch.
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 12
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| Select and apply the appropriate unit
to measure length, capacity, and weight in metric and SI units.
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Review metric and SI units. | Identify appropriate unit to measure target lengths, capacity or weight as identified by teacher. Student selects units, shares thought process. | - Ruler. - Yardstick. - Cup. - Liter. - Scale. - Cubic cm.
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Grade 4 In the Area of: Geometry & Measurement
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| 13
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| Correctly give change using coins and bills. | Invite students to bring in stuffed animals, owner properly
identified to be included in pretend school store. Tag animals.
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Create problem situations with money. Take turns as customer/clerk using play money. | Written quiz identifying situations, students describe change. | Invent a carnival game or store. Set up; role play giving
change using play money.
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- Play money (coins and bills). - Teacher-made transaction record sheet. |
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Return to Grade 4 Curriculum Preface
Return to Grade 4 Curriculum Guide
Return to Mathematics Curriculum Frameworks