World Languages Functions By Stage

French

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

Students use selected words, phrases, and expressions with no major repeated pattern of error.

	Agreement and position of adjectives
	Possessive adjectives

Simple negation

Numbers 1 - 9999

Subject pronouns

Question formation

Prepositions

Geography

-er verbs and certain irregular verbs, such as etre, aller, avoir,faire, s'appeler

Commands

Use of infinitives

Very elementary conjunctions

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, and combinations of learned words, phrases, and expressions with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Near future, Partative

Demonstrative adjectives

Comparatives, Superlatives

Reflexive verbs and stress pronouns

Passé composé (simple past tense)

-ir and -re verbs

Certain irregular verbs

Introduction of imparfait

Simple future with regular verbs

Imperitive with use of reflexive

Simple conjunctions

Complex negatives

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length and paragraph-length messages with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Object pronouns

Conditional

Passé composé vs. imparfait

Simple si clauses

Simple future with irregular verbs

Pusque-parfait

Present participles

Complex conjunctions

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length, paragraph-length, and essay-length messages with some patterns of errors which don't interfere with meaning.

Compound tenses

Compound si clauses

Passé simple (historic and literary tenses)

Subjunctive, present and past, etc.

German

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

Students use selected words, phrases, and expressions with no major repeated pattern of error.

Subject pronouns - capitalization (nouns)

Object pronouns

	Direct/indirect object
	Nouns: singular/Plural, Masculine/feminine

Cognates

Etymology (word patterns)

Indefinite and Definite articles

Punctuation (numbers)

Pronunciation of vowels

Formal, Informal address

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, and combinations of learned words, phrases, and expressions with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Object pronouns

Past tense (conversational and narrative)

Conjugate irregular verbs

Prepositions

Possessives: Accustative, Dative, Genitive, 2-way

Present Perfect (conversational) tense

Adjectives that precede nouns

Dative case

Genitive case

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length and paragraph-length messages with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Relative clause

Subjunctive mood

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length, paragraph-length, and essay-length messages with some patterns of errors which don't interfere with meaning.

Subjunctives

Latin

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

Students use selected words, phrases, and expressions with no major repeated pattern of error.

First and second declension nouns and adjectives

	Nominative case
	Gender and Number

Adjective agreement

Regular verbs, Conjugation, Person, and Number

	Present tense
	Irregular verb esse
	Imperatives

Simple infinitives

Indicative mood

Prepositional phrases

Active voice

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, and combinations of learned words, phrases, and expressions with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

	Accusative case
	Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future perfect tenses

Passive voice

Forming the negative

	Word order
	Parts of speech / function of a word in a sentence

Further study of cases (Genitive, Dative, Ablative, and Vocative)

Questions

Formation of adverbs

Imperfect tense

Third and Fourth conjugation verbs

Ablative of means, Ablative of accompaniment, Ablative of manner, Ablative of agent, Ablative of separation

Dative of reference, Dative of purpose

Genitive of measure

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length and paragraph-length messages with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Further study of declension (third, fourth, and fifth)

	Interrogative pronouns
	Personal pronouns

Complex infinitives

	Reflexive pronouns
	Expressions of time
	Comparative and Superlative adjectives

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length, paragraph-length, and essay-length messages with some patterns of errors which don't interfere with meaning.

	Purpose clauses
	Participles
	Gerunds

Gerundives

	Indirect statements
	Deponent and semi-deponent verbs

	Comparison of adverbs
	Demonstratives

Subjunctive mood

Dative with compound verbs

Spanish

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

Students use selected words, phrases, and expressions with no major repeated pattern of error.

	Nouns and articles
	Agreement of nouns, articles, and adjectives in gender and number

Use of common verb forms

Possessive adjectives

Introduction of tener expressions

Gustar

Introduction of Ir a + infinitive

Simple commands

Simple prepositions

Pronunciation

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, and combinations of learned words, phrases, and expressions with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Conjugation of regular and common irregular verbs

Direct and indirect objects and their pronouns

Reflexive pronouns and verbs

Demonstrative adjectives

Personal a

Introduction of preterit tense, regular and common irregular verbs

Tener expressions

Ser vs. Estar

Ir a + infinitive

Commands - formal and informal

Prepositions

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length and paragraph-length messages with a frequency of error proportionate to the complexity of the communicative task.

Completion of present tense of regular and irregular verbs

Preterit tense of regular and irregular verbs

Imperfect tense

Preterit vs. Imperfect

Por vs. Para

	Comparative and Superlative
	Present progressive and participles

Present perfect and participles

Introduction of future and conditional tenses

Students use sentences, strings of sentences, fluid sentence-length, paragraph-length, and essay-length messages with some patterns of errors which don't interfere with meaning.

Future and conditional tenses

	Subjunctive tense
	Relative pronouns